慢性肾病：肾功能与健康指标
慢性肾病影响全球数百万人。通过定期血液检查早期发现对于防止进展为肾衰竭至关重要。
什么是慢性肾病？
慢性肾病（CKD）是肾功能随时间逐渐丧失。肾脏过滤血液中的废物和多余液体。当它们功能不正常时，废物会积累。
关键肾脏指标
eGFR（估算肾小球滤过率）是最重要的指标：≥90为正常，60-89为2期，30-59为3期，15-29为4期，<15为5期（肾衰竭）。
风险因素
主要风险因素包括糖尿病（第一大原因）、高血压（第二大原因）、心脏病、家族史和长期使用某些药物。
预防与肾脏保护
通过控制血压和血糖、保持水分摄入、避免过度使用非甾体抗炎药和定期检查来保护肾脏。
🌍 Regional Context
慢性肾病是一个日益严重的全球健康问题。
中国约有10.8%的成年人患有某种程度的慢性肾病。糖尿病和高血压是主要原因。
数据来源：中华医学会肾脏病学分会。
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
什么eGFR表示肾病？
eGFR持续低于60 mL/min/1.73m²超过3个月表示慢性肾病。
📊 需要监测的关键指标
这些健康指标对于诊断和监测chronic kidney disease (ckd)至关重要：
🔬 Diagnostic Criteria
Healthcare providers use these thresholds to diagnose and classify chronic kidney disease (ckd):
| Metric | Threshold | Classification |
|---|---|---|
| eGFR | ≥90 mL/min | Stage 1 (Normal/High) |
| eGFR | 60-89 mL/min | Stage 2 (Mild decrease) |
| eGFR | 45-59 mL/min | Stage 3a (Mild-Moderate) |
| eGFR | 30-44 mL/min | Stage 3b (Moderate-Severe) |
| eGFR | 15-29 mL/min | Stage 4 (Severe) |
| eGFR | <15 mL/min | Stage 5 (Kidney Failure) |
Note: Diagnosis requires clinical evaluation. These criteria are for reference only.
⚠️ Risk Factors
🔴 Potential Complications
If left unmanaged, chronic kidney disease (ckd) may lead to:
✅ Prevention Strategies
🧬 Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
Medical LiteratureCKD involves progressive nephron loss from various causes. Diabetes and hypertension account for 60%+ of cases, causing glomerular damage. As nephrons are lost, remaining ones hypertrophy and hyperfiltrate, leading to further damage. Proteinuria accelerates progression through tubular toxicity. Declining kidney function causes metabolic abnormalities: uremia, anemia (reduced EPO), bone disease (phosphorus retention, vitamin D deficiency), and cardiovascular complications. The kidneys' role in regulating blood pressure, electrolytes, and acid-base balance makes CKD a systemic disease.
📈 Epidemiology & Statistics
CDC / WHO Data🔍 Screening Recommendations
KDIGO/NKFRecommended Tests
- eGFR calculation from serum creatinine
- Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)
- Blood pressure measurement
- Electrolyte panel as CKD progresses
💊 Treatment Approaches
Clinical GuidelinesBlood Pressure Control
1Target <130/80, ACE inhibitors/ARBs preferred
SGLT2 Inhibitors
2Kidney protection beyond glucose control
Dietary Management
3Protein and sodium restriction as appropriate
Dialysis/Transplant
4Renal replacement therapy for ESRD
🔬 Recent Research & Advances
Peer-Reviewed Studies📊 Understanding Related Metrics
These health metrics play key roles in diagnosing, monitoring, and managing chronic kidney disease (ckd). Understanding what each measures helps you better interpret your results.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
CKD involves progressive nephron loss from various causes. Diabetes and hypertension account for 60%+ of cases, causing glomerular damage. As nephrons are lost, remaining ones hypertrophy and hyperfiltrate, leading to further damage. Proteinuria accelerates progression through tubular ...
How common is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
37 million Americans (15%) have CKD
What metrics should I monitor for Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)?
Key metrics include: eGFR, Creatinine, BUN, Albumin-Creatinine Ratio, Cystatin C. Regular monitoring of these values can help track disease status and treatment response.
How is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves: eGFR calculation from serum creatinine, Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), Blood pressure measurement. Your healthcare provider will interpret these results in the context of your overall health.
Can Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) be prevented?
Prevention strategies typically focus on lifestyle modifications and managing risk factors. Early detection through screening is also important.
🔗 相关疾病
探索您的指标
使用我们的交互式计算器，对照人群基准检查您自己的数值。
Data Transparency & Sources
Content Information
About this page: This page combines data from authoritative sources with AI-assisted analysis to provide comprehensive metric benchmarks. The content has been written and reviewed by our team to ensure accuracy, relevance, and quality.
How we create this content
Our content creation process combines multiple approaches to ensure quality and accuracy:
- Data Collection: We gather metrics from authoritative sources including WHO, CDC, NIH, and peer-reviewed research
- Analysis: AI tools assist in analyzing patterns, calculating percentiles, and identifying correlations
- Writing: Our team writes original content providing context and insights beyond raw data
- Review: All content is reviewed by our editorial team for accuracy, clarity, and completeness
- Verification: Claims are verified against original sources and cross-referenced with multiple studies
Our commitment: We prioritize accuracy and transparency. If you find any errors or have concerns about content accuracy, please contact us.